The definitions of Diabetes Melitus according to the Experts and WHO
- Diabetes melitus is a collection of symptoms that occur in a person due to an increase in blood glucose levels caused by insulin deficiency both absolute and relative (Suyono, 2002).
- Diabetes melitus is a chronic disease that results in impaired metabolism of complex carbohydrates, protein, fat and complications develop macrovascular,
microvascular and neurologic. (Barbara C. Long)
- Diabetes melitus is a chronic disease that causes multi-system disorder and has the characteristics hyperglikemia resulting insulin deficiency or insulin action inadequate. (Brunner and Sudart)
- Diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglikemia circumstances caused by environmental factors and heredity together, has the characteristics of a chronic hyperglikemia can not be cured but can be controlled (WHO).
Factors Diabetes Melitus according to the expert
a. Genetic Factor
A family history of diabetes:
Pincus and White argue comparison families who suffer from diabetes mellitus with healthy family health, it turns morbidity families who suffer from diabetes mellitus reach 8, 33% and 5, 33% when compared with healthy families that show only the numbers 1, 96%.
b.Non Genetic Factor
1.) Infection
The virus is considered a "trigger" to those who already have a genetic predisposition to diabetes mellitus.
2.) Nutrition
a.) Obesity is considered to cause resistance to insulin.
b.) Malnutrition protein
c.) The alcohol, considered to add to the risk of pancreatitis.
3.) Stress
Stress in the form of surgery, myocardial infarction, burns and emotion usually causes temporary hyperglikemia.
4.) Hormonal Cushing's syndrome due to the concentration of hydrocortisone in high blood pressure, because the amount of somatotropin rising acromegaly, pheochromocytoma due to high concentrations of glucagon in the blood, pheochromocytoma due to increased catecholamine levels
Nursing Diagnosis
Based on the analysis of data of nursing is often the case based on the theory, the nursing diagnoses that may appear on the client, namely diabetes mellitus:
a.Lack of body fluid volume associated with osmotic diuresis.
b.The change of nutritional status is less than body requirements related to insulin insufficiency, decreased oral input.
c.Risk of infection associated with hyperglikemia.
d.Risk to changes in sensory perception associated with an imbalance of glucose / insulin and or electrolyte.
e.Fatigue associated with decreased metabolic energy production.
f. Powerlessness ssociated with long-term illness / progressive untreatable, dependence on others.
g.Lack of knowledge about the disease, prognosis and treatment needs related to the lack of exposure / recall, misinterpretation of information.